The population continues to grow, the number of building permits is falling, and the housing shortage is becoming more acute. To ensure the resources available are used sparingly and prevent further urban sprawl in the countryside, the federal government and cantons took a conscious decision to favour densification under the amended Spatial Planning Act. But how can we build sufficient living space given the conflicting priorities of politicians, society, the real estate industry, spatial planners and urban developers? And how will we succeed in increasing acceptance of densification-related construction measures? These and other questions were explored in two fascinating opening presentations. The subsequent podium discussion illustrated the high degree of complexity and examined potential solutions, but also showed the limits of what is currently feasible.

A trend towards greater densification has begun, with 20 percent of new accommodation units stemming from conversions or extensions. Planning zone consumption per capita has fallen from 309m² (2012) to 282m² (2022), although this is not nearly enough. Given current density levels, Christian Kraft believes there is huge potential for densification. Fact is, 85 percent of all residential buildings have only 1 to 3 floors. More flexibility is required in this area. He calls for greater density to be incorporated into standard planning procedures. At the same time, Kraft does not believe the construction of tower blocks would have much impact on the overall situation.

Across-the-board densification – as has been discussed again and again – would be heavily resisted by voters, says Gabriela Barman. “People have major reservations and I don’t see any sign of broad acceptance. Karin Bührer is therefore convinced that municipalities and cities have a duty to enthuse people and gain support. That means having a clear development mission – one that shows people how additional value will be created. Furthermore, processes needed to be streamlined and planning certainty created, while the issue of improper appeals also needs to be addressed. Communication and participation are key for Martin Tschirren, too: “Through the Round Table organised by the federal government, we bring together the various stakeholders, create a shared understanding and discuss approaches.” However, he recognises that the two sides are hardening their stance. Christian Kraft takes a similar view, saying the situation is increasingly resulting in a clash between individual measures. In addition to greater density, comprehensible, reliable regulations in building legislation, as well as clear processes and contact persons for exemptions, are needed. 

The fact that densification represents – or should represent – a future-proof solution to the housing shortage was stated very clearly at this year’s Sustainability Forum. There is no escaping the topic of densification. However, the solutions discussed are extremely complex and implementation is challenging. 

The next Sustainability Forum takes place on 27 August 2025.